Parts Of Speech
- The parts of speech describes how one must use various terms in constructing an English sentence without errors. The following are the parts of speech:
- All the words in English language can be placed under one of the eight parts of speech.
The eight parts of speech are:
- Noun: A naming word.
Eg. Chennai, Gupta, computer, hope
- Pronoun: A word that is used instead of a noun.
Eg. I, we, you, us, they, anybody, somebody
- Verb: An action word.
Eg. Run, sleep, speak, think, learn.
- Adjective: A word that describes a noun.
Eg. City – word, beautiful city; beautiful is a describing word; this describing word is adjective.
- Adverb: A word that gives us information about a verb.
Eg. He spoke politely.
The word ‘politely’ tells us how he spoke. It describes an action. It is an adverb.
- Preposition: Words like “in”, “into”, “on” etc.
Eg. He came into the room.
- Conjuction: A word that links word or sentences.
Eg. Because, but, and.
- Interjection: Words or phrases that express strong feelings or emotions.
Eg. Oh God! , Damn it! , Oh nice! , Great!
Noun
Proper Noun:
Names of individual persons, places and things.
Eg. John smith, thirupathi, the white house.
Common Noun:
Names of classes of things.
Eg. Man, child, horse, car etc.
Collective Noun:
Names of groups of things.
Eg. A group of monkeys – a troop of monkeys.
A large group of people – a crowd, mob.
A group of members – a committee.
Abstract Noun:
Names of ideas, concepts, state of mind/heart.
Eg. Honesty, cowardice, confusion, love, wisdom, courage.
Material Noun:
Names of materials.
Eg. Iron, gold, wood.
Pronouns
Kinds of Pronouns
Subject pronouns:
I, we, you, he, she, it, they.
Eg. I don’t smoke.
She is beautiful.
Object pronouns:
Me, us, you, him, her, it, them.
Eg. We gave them some money.
He gave it a kick.
Possessive Pronouns:
Mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs.
Eg. The key is mine.
The responsibility is theirs.
Reflexive/emphatic pronouns:
Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves, itself.
Eg. I learnt hindi myself.
He located the house himself.
Used like this, the pronouns mean without anybody’s help. Here the pronouns are called emphatic pronouns.
Eg. He hurt himself.
She almost killed herself.
The pronouns like himself, herself in such usage are called the reflexive pronouns.
General pronouns:
Somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, anything,nobody, no one, none, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything, all, any,some, few,a few, little, a little, both, either, neither.
Eg. Both knew what would happen.
All are happy.
Nobody knows.
Adjectives
Kinds of Adjectives
Quality of a person:
Eg. Affectionate uncle
Adamant child
Friendly neighbor
Brave soldier
Clever boy
Nature of a Place:
Eg. Narrow road
Slippery bathroom
Remote village
Spacious hall
Crowded city
Quality of things:
Eg. Fresh vegetables
Tender coconut
Dirty clothes
Rotten eggs
Variety of information:
Eg. Dark night
Rough ride
Responsible person
Moods and feelings of people:
Eg. Angry man
Happy person
Sad face
Lovable girl
End with ‘ing’:
Eg. Charming girl
Interesting story
Cunning fox
Boring journey
Colour of something:
Eg. Blue car
Black hair
Brown eyes
Red tape
Verbs
Two types of verbs:
- Regular verbs(weak verb)
- Irregular verbs(strong verb)
Regular verbs:
These verbs take ‘d’ or ‘ed’ for past forms.
| Present | Past |
| Ask | Asked |
| Type | Typed |
| Love | Loved |
Irregular verbs:
These verbs do not take ‘d’ or ‘ed’ in the past.
| Present | Past |
| Become | Became |
| Arise | Arose |
| Bear | Bore |
Adverbs
Kinds of adverbs
Adverbs of manner:
Eg. The train moves slowly
He sing melodiously
Adverbs of place:
Eg. He sing at the Nehru stadium
He left the keys on the table
Adverbs of time:
Eg. He sang last night
He left at 5 am
Prepositions
Prepositional phrases
A group of words used with a preposition is called a prepositional phrase.
Eg. In Mumbai
At home
At ease
Out of order
Conjuction
It is a words that join or link sentences.
Eg. He went late to office.
He missed the bus.